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For its day, Greek Fire was an extremely powerful weapon, able to burn ferociously and resistant to being put out with water. In fact, it could burn very well on the water and was often used in naval battles.
Modern reenactors have made substances that mimic some of the properties and they may have created true “Greek” fire (which is actually Byzantine fire) but it never has all the properties the records support.
Greek fire is described as a swirling green liquid that explodes if dropped on the ground.
But John Pike, director of the military studies group GlobalSecurity.Org, said: “You can call it something other than napalm but it is still napalm. It has been reformulated in the sense that they now use a different petroleum distillate, but that is it. The US is the only country that has used napalm for a long time.
A Powerful Ancient Weapon
Also called “sea fire” and “liquid fire” by the Byzantines themselves, it was heated, pressurized, and then delivered via a tube called a siphōn. Greek fire was used mainly to light enemy ships on fire from a safe distance.
While both were designed as incendiary weapons against wooden targets, Napalm uses a different mixture from Greek Fire, and for good reasons. Whatever the mixture of Greek Fire actually was, its projectors seem to have been crude flamethrowers.
A Powerful Ancient Weapon
Also called “sea fire” and “liquid fire” by the Byzantines themselves, it was heated, pressurized, and then delivered via a tube called a siphōn. Indeed, Greek fire was only extinguishable with three things: sand, vinegar, and — bizarrely — old urine.
Greek fire was a flaming mixture fired from the ships of the Byzantine empire from the 7th century. The fire would cling to flesh and was impossible to extinguish with water. This deadly concoction was created by a family of chemists and engineers from Constantinople, and the secret recipe died with them.
Greek fire was a devastating incendiary weapon used by the Byzantine Empire to defend against their enemies. The Byzantines successfully used it to repel Arab invasion for hundreds of years, particularly at sea. While it wasn’t the first incendiary weapon, it was arguably the most historically significant one.
Fall of Constantinople, (May 29, 1453), conquest of Constantinople by Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire. The dwindling Byzantine Empire came to an end when the Ottomans breached Constantinople’s ancient land wall after besieging the city for 55 days.
Fall of Constantinople, (May 29, 1453), conquest of Constantinople by Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire. The dwindling Byzantine Empire came to an end when the Ottomans breached Constantinople’s ancient land wall after besieging the city for 55 days.
Napalm is basically thick oil or jelly mixed with fuel (petrol, gasoline). Versions of Napalm B containing white phosphorus will even burn underwater (if there is trapped oxygen in folds of cloth etc.) so jumping into rivers and lakes won’t help those unfortunate souls attacked with this vile weapon.
Oxygen does not burn. It is not flammable, but it is an oxidizer. Oxygen feeds fire, so it’s dangerous to use around something that is burning because it will help the fire burn much more quickly. Patients on oxygen therapy who are smokers are not going to burst into f
lame or explode if they smoke.
Fall of Constantinople, (May 29, 1453), conquest of Constantinople by Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire. The dwindling Byzantine Empire came to an end when the Ottomans breached Constantinople’s ancient land wall after besieging the city for 55 days.
Water does not extinguish Class B fires and can spread the flammable liquid, making it worse. You must only put out these fires with powder, foam, or carbon dioxide extinguishers to cut off the fire’s oxygen supply. You therefore, cannot use water on these fires and can only use a dry powder extinguisher.
Despite some assertions, they are not generally banned, but as incendiary weapons they are subject to the usage prohibitions described under Protocol III of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. USA army flamethrowers developed up to the M9 model.
Fall of Constantinople, (May 29, 1453), conquest of Constantinople by Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire. The dwindling Byzantine Empire came to an end when the Ottomans breached Constantinople’s ancient land wall after besieging the city for 55 days.
Justinian is best remembered for his work as a legislator and codifier. During his reign, Justinian reorganized the government of the Byzantine Empire and enacted several reforms to increase accountability and reduce corruption.
The other commodities that were traded, in Constantinople and elsewhere, were numerous: oil, wine, salt, fish, meat, vegetables, other alimentary products, timber and wax. Ceramics, linen, and woven cloth were also items of trade. Luxury items, such as silks, perfumes and spices were also important.
The Real-Life Science of Game of Thrones‘ Wildfire. Being oil-based, it will burn on, and not be easily extinguished by, water—just like Westerosi wildfire. Napalm’s horrific role in the Vietnam war is notorious, and the U.N. finally outlawed its use against civilians in 1980.
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